In addition to verifying that the final produced packages are binary identical, the reproducible build QA test should also verify that the final produced images (e.g. core-image-minimal, core-image-sato) are identical. Note that for some image types, this should be easy but for some (e.g. squashfs) it may require work to make the image generation tools product reproducible output in the first place.
For vfat images, mkfs.vfat has an "--invariant" flag which helps when creating reproducible images. For ext2/3/4, mkfs.ext* has support for two undocumented features: 1. Setting env. variable E2FSPROGS_FAKE_TIME to a specific nbr. of seconds. Helps with setting file-system creation date. 2. Passing -E hash_seed=<directory-hash-seed>. Also, passing "-U clear" makes the UUID reproducible.
For ext4, "debugfs" can be used to reset ctime/atime/mtime for files in an image.
Moved en masse from 4.2 to 4.3 by Randy.