Not sure the following is a pseudo or a tar related issue. My setup is:

- Host: Fedora 38
- Latest poky: 4.2_M3-957-g6d470c3e0c (includes uninative 4.0)
- In local.conf: IMAGE_CLASSES += "image-combined-dbg"

bitbake core-image-minimal fails with:

ERROR: core-image-minimal-1.0-r0 do_image: ExecutionError('/home/adrian/projects/oss/meta-yocto-upstream/projects/poky-oe-glibc-sd/tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/temp/run.combine_dbg_image.1005063', 2, None, None)
ERROR: Logfile of failure stored in: /home/adrian/projects/oss/meta-yocto-upstream/projects/poky-oe-glibc-sd/tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/temp/log.do_image.1005063
Log data follows:
| DEBUG: Executing python function do_image
| NOTE: Executing combine_dbg_image ...
| DEBUG: Executing shell function combine_dbg_image
| tar: ./etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/dropbear.socket: Cannot open: Permission denied
| tar: ./etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/busybox-syslog.service: Cannot open: Permission denied
| tar: ./etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/busybox-klogd.service: Cannot open: Permission denied
| tar: ./etc/systemd/system/syslog.service: Cannot open: Permission denied
| tar: ./etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/var-volatile-lib.service: Cannot open: Permission denied
| tar: ./etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/var-volatile-cache.service: Cannot open: Permission denied
| tar: ./etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/var-volatile-spool.service: Cannot open: Permission denied
| tar: ./etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/var-volatile-srv.service: Cannot open: Permission denied
| tar: ./etc/systemd/system/systemd-random-seed.service.wants/var-volatile-lib.service: Cannot open: Permission denied
| tar: ./etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/run-postinsts.service: Cannot open: Permission denied
| tar: ./etc/resolv-conf.systemd: Cannot open: No such file or directory
| tar: ./etc/resolv.conf: Cannot open: Permission denied
| tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors
| WARNING: /home/adrian/projects/oss/meta-yocto-upstream/projects/poky-oe-glibc-sd/tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/temp/run.combine_dbg_image.1005063:154 exit 2 from 'tar -C /home/adrian/projects/oss/meta-yocto-upstream/projects/poky-oe-glibc-sd/tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs-dbg -xf -'
| WARNING: Backtrace (BB generated script):
| 	#1: combine_dbg_image, /home/adrian/projects/oss/meta-yocto-upstream/projects/poky-oe-glibc-sd/tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/temp/run.combine_dbg_image.1005063, line 154
| 	#2: main, /home/adrian/projects/oss/meta-yocto-upstream/projects/poky-oe-glibc-sd/tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/temp/run.combine_dbg_image.1005063, line 158
| DEBUG: Python function do_image finished


The following patch is a workaround:

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-combined-dbg.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-combined-dbg.bbclass
index dcf1968538..f8e3ad6faa 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-combined-dbg.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-combined-dbg.bbclass
@@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ combine_dbg_image () {
         if [ "${IMAGE_GEN_DEBUGFS}" = "1" -a -e ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}-dbg ]; then
                 # copy target files into -dbg rootfs, so it can be used for
                 # debug purposes directly
-                tar -C ${IMAGE_ROOTFS} -cf - . | tar -C ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}-dbg -xf -
+                cp -a ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/* ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}-dbg/
         fi
 }

Build move to 5.0 -- ../Randy

Bulk move of 5.0 medium importance issues to 5.99.
Move to 5.1 if you want to actively work on an issue.

Move to 5.99 since no one is actively working on this issue.
Move to 5.x if you start on a task, please.

Comment 1 was an unrelated issue.

Pseudo needs to wrap function calls for all glibc versions of the systems it might be run on, so even if they are removed from a recent glibc, we still need to wrap them for a while afterwards. We'd need to check if they are present on any system we might run on.