systemd.bbclass creates all presets in ${systemd_unitdir}/system-preset where presets for user services should be created in ${systemd_unitdir}/user-preset instead.

An example recipe

SUMMARY = "Bug reproduction"
LICENSE = "MIT"
LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://${COMMON_LICENSE_DIR}/MIT;md5=0835ade698e0bcf8506ecda2f7b4f302"

do_configure[noexec] = "1"
do_compile[noexec] = "1"

inherit allarch systemd

SYSTEMD_PACKAGES = "${PN}"
SYSTEMD_SERVICE:${PN} = "test-service.service"

do_install() {
    install -d ${D}${systemd_user_unitdir}
    cat <<EOF > ${D}${systemd_user_unitdir}/test-service.service
[Unit]
Description=Test
[Service]
ExecStart=${bindir}/true
EOF
}

Results in

./usr
./usr/lib
./usr/lib/systemd
./usr/lib/systemd/user
./usr/lib/systemd/user/test-service.service
./usr/lib/systemd/system-preset
./usr/lib/systemd/system-preset/98-do-something.preset


In effect, this causes image build to fail if broken package is included:

ERROR: core-image-minimal-1.0-r0 do_rootfs: Error: Systemctl main enable issue in test-service.service (test-service.service)