The page https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Enable_sstate_cache says that you can create an sstate-cache mirror by exporting the generated sstate-cache directory over nfs, http och ftp. This appears broken since the sstate-cache layout was modified. The sstate-cache directory is created with a number of XX subdirs where the actual files are, but the mirror fetcher only searches the root dir of the mirror for files. Example debug output: DEBUG: Mirror fetch failure for url http://linux.enea.com/test/sstate-cache/sstate-gcc-runtime-i586-enea-linux-4.8.1-r0-i586-3-911fb1d91e28a204c0c2038a30d82b2a_deploy-ipk.tgz (original url: file://91/sstate-gcc-runtime-i586-enea-linux-4.8.1-r0-i586-3-911fb1d91e28a204c0c2038a30d82b2a_deploy-ipk.tgz) The original url has a "91" subdir prefix which is missing when trying the mirror.
Wiki page might need to be fixed, this is working with the correct incantation of SSTATE_MIRROR, Paul will address this.
You need to add "/PATH" to the URL in SSTATE_MIRRORS. I've updated the wiki page, and the manuals already cover this.